Academic Literature

Alison, L., Santtila, P., Sandnabba, N. K., & Nordling, N. (2001). Sadomasochistically-oriented behavior: Diversity in practice and meaning. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 1-12.

Anders. (2015) Beyond sexual orientation: Integrating gender/sex and diverse sexualities via sexual configurations theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 1177-1213.

Andrade, E. B., & Cohen, J. B. (2007). On the consumption of negative feelings. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 283-300.

Barker, M. (2005). On tops, bottoms and ethical sluts: The place of BDSM and polyamory in lesbian and gay psychology. Lesbian and Gay Psychology Review, 6(2), 124-129.

Barker, M. (2013). Consent is a grey area? A comparison of understandings of consent in Fifty Shades of Grey and on the BDSM blogosphere. Sexualities, 16, 896-914.

Barker, M., Gupta, C., & Iantaffi, A. (2007). The power of play: The potentials and pitfalls in healing narratives in BDSM. In D. Langridge & M. Barker (Eds.), Safe, sane, and consensual (pp. 197-216). New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.

Barker, M., Iantaffi, A., & Gupta, C. (2007). Kinky clients, kinky counselling? The challenges and potentials of BDSM.In: Moon, Lindsey (Ed.) Feeling Queer or Queer Feelings: Radical Approaches to Counselling Sex, Sexualities and Genders. London, UK: Routledge, pp. 106–124.

Bastian, B., Jetten, J., & Hornsey, M. J. (2014). Gustatory pleasure and pain: The offset of acute physical pain enhances responsiveness to taste. Appetite, 72, 150-155.

Bauer, R. (2008). Transgressive and transformative gendered sexual practices and white privileges: The case of the dyke/trans BDSM communities. Women's Studies Quarterly, (36)3/4, 233-253.

Baumeister, R. F. (1988). Masochism as escape from self. The Journal of Sex Research, 25, 28-59.

Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Escaping the self: Alcoholism, spirituality, masochism, and other flights from the burden of selfhood. New York: Basic Books.

Baumeister, R. F. (1997). The enigmatic appeal of sexual masochism: Why people desire pain, bondage, and humiliation in sex. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16, 133-150.

Baur, E., Forsman, M., Santtila, P., Johansson, A., Sandnabba, K., & Långström, N. (2016) Paraphilic sexual interests and sexually coercive behavior: A population-based twin study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1-10.

Beckman, A. (2001). Deconstructing myths: The social construction of “sadomasochism” versus “subjugated knowledges” of practitioners of consensual “SM”. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 8(2), 66-95.

Bennett, T. (2015). Persecution or Play? Law and the Ethical Significance of Sadomasochism. Social & Legal Studies, 24(1), 89-112.

Beres, M. A. (2007). ‘Spontaneous’ sexual consent: An analysis of sexual consent literature. Feminism & Psychology, 17(1), 93-108.

Bezreh, T., Weinberg, T. S., & Edgar, T. (2012). BDSM disclosure and stigma management: Identifying opportunities for sex education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7(1), 37-61.

Breslow, N. (1987). Locus of control, desirability of control, and sadomasochists. Psychological Reports, 61, 995-1001.

Breslow, N. (1989). Sources of confusion in the study and treatment of sadomasochism. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 263-274.

Breslow, N., Evans, L., & Langley, J. (1985). On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture: Report on an empirical study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 303-317.

Breslow, N., Evans, L., & Langley, J. (1986). Comparisons among heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual male sadomasochists. Journal of Homosexuality, 13, 83-107.

Brodsky, J. I. (1993). The Mineshaft: A retrospective ethnography. Journal of Homosexuality, 24, 233-251.

Busbee, E. R. (2008). Power exchange: Interaction and identity in a BDSM community. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University.

Carlstrom, C. (2017). BDSM, interaction rituals and open bodies. Sexuality & Culture. doi: 10.1007/s12119-017-9461-7.

Carrette, J.R. (2005). Intense exchange: sadomasochism, theology and the politics of late capitalism. Theology & Sexuality: The Journal of the Institute for the Study of Christianity & Sexuality, 2(11), 11-30.

Clements, A. J. (2017). Silence is golden: Using ‘safe words’ to promote research student ownership in supervisory meetings.

Cheong, S. S. (2008). The state of discipline: Chinese masculinity and BDSM in Singapore. Unpublished master's thesis, National University of Singapore.

Comber, E. M. (2007). Can standard measures help diagnose abuse among sadomasochistic participants? Unpublished master's thesis, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL.

Connolly, P.H.. (2006). Psychological functioning of bondage/domination/sado masochism (BDSM) practitioners. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 1(18), 79-120.

Critelli, J. W., & Binova, J. M. (2008). Women's erotic rape fantasies: An evaluation of theory and research. Journal of Sex Research, 45, 57-70.

Cross, P. A. (1998). Understanding sadomasochism: An examination of current perspectives. Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University.

Cross, P. A., & Matheson, K. (2006). Understanding Sadomasochism: An Empirical Examination of Four Perspectives. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 133-166.

Cutler, A. B. III (2003). Partner selection, power dynamics, and sexual bargaining in self-defined BDSM couples. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality, San Francisco.

Damm, C., Dentato, M. P., & Busch, N. (2018). Unraveling intersecting identities: Understanding the lives of people who practice BDSM. Psychology & Sexuality, 9, 21-37.

Damon, W. (2002). Dominance, sexism, and inadequacy: testing a compensatory conceptualization in a sample of heterosexual men involved in SM. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 14, 25-45.

Dancer, P. L., Kleinplatz, P. J., & Moser, C. (2006). 24/7 SM Slavery. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 81-101.

Davies, J., & O'Meara, A. (2007). 'I consider myself sadistic': a qualitative analysis of sadistic endorsement in group of Irish undergraduates. The British Journal of Forensic Practice, 9, 24-30.

Denney, A. S., & Tewksbury, R. (2013). Characteristics of successful personal ads in a BDSM on-line community. Deviant Behavior, 34(2), 153-168.

Donnelly, D., & Fraser, J. (1998). Gender differences in sado-masochistic arousal among college students. Sex Roles, 39, 391-407.

Egan, Kelly. Morality-based legislation is alive and well: Why the law permits consent to body modification but not sadomasochistic sex. Albany Law Review, 70, pp 1615-1642.

Ellard, J., Richters, J., & Newman, C. (2004). Non-gay sexual subcultures: A content analysis of Sydney sex contact publications. National Centre in HIV Social Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University of New South Wales.

Ernulf, K.E., & Innala, S.M. (1995). Sexual bondage: A review and unobtrusive investigation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 6(24), 631.

Faccio, E., Casini, C., & Cipolletta, S. (2014). Forbidden games: The construction of sexuality and sexual pleasure by BDSM 'players'. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 16(7), 752-764. doi:10.1080/13691058.2014.909531

Fedoroff, J. P. (2008). Sadism, sadomasochism, sex, and violence. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 637-648.

Freud, S. (1938). The basic writings of Sigmund Freud (A. A. Brill, Trans. and Ed.). New York: Modern Library.

Frías, A., González, L., Palma, C., & Farriols, V. (2017). Is there a relationship between borderline personality disorder and sexual masochism in women? Archive of Sexual Behavior, 46, 747-754. doi: 10.1007/s10508-016-0834-z.

Gebhard, P. (1969). Fetishism and sadomasochism. In J. H. Masserman (Ed.), Dynamics of deviant sexuality (pp. 71-80). New York: Grune & Stratton.

Geltner, P. (2005). Countertransference in projective identification and sadomasochistic states. Modern Psychoanalysis, 30(1), 73-91.

Gemberling, T. M., Cramer, R., & Miller, R. S. (2015). BDSM as Sexual Orientation: A Comparison to Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Sexuality. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 1.

Gilliland, A. (2008). Alt sex group formed. Contemporary Sexuality, 10(42), 10-10

Graham, B. C., Butler, S. E., McGraw, R., Cannes, S. M., & Smith, J. (2015). Member Perspectives on the Role of BDSM Communities. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-15.

Gratzer, T., & Bradford, J. M. W. (1995). Offender and offence characteristics of sexual sadists: A comparative study. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40, 450-455.

Green, R. (2001). (Serious) Sadomasochism: A protected right of privacy? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30(1), 543-550

Gross, B. (2006). The pleasure of pain. Forensic Examiner, 15(1), 56.

Hamilton, G. V. (1929). A research in marriage. New York: A. & C. Boni.

Hariton, E. B., & Singer, J. L. (1974). Women's fantasies during sexual intercourse: normative and theoretical implications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 313-322.

Harviainen, J. T. (2011). Sadomasochist role-playing as live-action role-playing: a trait-descriptive analysis. International Journal of Role-Playing, 2, 59-70.

Haviv, N. (2016). Reporting Sexual Assaults to the Police: the Israeli BDSM Community. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1-12.

Hawley, P. H., & Hensley, W. A. (2009). Social dominance and forceful submission fantasies: Feminine pathology or power? The Journal of Sex Research, 46, 568-585.

Hébert, A., & Weaver, A. (2014). An examination of personality characteristics associated with BDSM orientations. Canadian Journal Of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 106-115.

Hébert, A., & Weaver, A. (2015). Perks, problems, and the people who play: A qualitative exploration of dominant and submissive BDSM roles. Canadian Journal Of Human Sexuality, 24(1), 49-62.

Herbenick, D., Bowling, J., Fu, T., Dodge, B., Guerra-Reyes, L., & Sanders, S. (2017). Sexual diversity in the United States: Results from a national representative probability sample of adult women and men. PLoS ONE, 12(7), 1-23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181198.

Holvoet, L., Huys, W. Coppens, V., Seeuws, J., Goethals, K., & Morrens, M. (2017). Fifty shades of Belgian gray: The prevalence of BDSM-related fantasies and activities in the general population. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14, 1152-1159. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.07.003.

Holt, K. (2016). Blacklisted: Boundaries, Violations, and Retaliatory Behavior in the BDSM Community. Deviant Behavior, 1-14.

Hsu, B., Kling, A., Kessler, C., Knapke, K., Diefenbach, P., & Elias, J. E. (1994). Gender differences in sexual fantasy and behavior in a college population: a ten-year replication. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 20, 103-118.

Hughes, S. D., & Hammack, P. L. (2019). Affirmation, compartmentalization, and isolation: narratives of identity sentiment among kinky people. Psychology & Sexuality, 10, 149-168.

Hughes, S. D., & Hammack, P. L. (2020). Narratives of the origins of kinky sexual desire held by users of a kink-oriented social networking website. The Journal of Sex Research, 1-12.

Iannotti, L. (2014). I Didn't Consent to That: Secondary Analysis of Discrimination Against BDSM Identified Individuals. (Dissertation, The City University of New York).

Joyal, C. C., Cossette, A., & Lapierre, V. (2015). What exactly is an unusual sexual fantasy?. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(2), 328-340.

Jozifkova, E. (2013). Consensual sadomasochistic sex (BDSM): the roots, the risks, and the distinctions between BDSM and violence. Current psychiatry reports, 15(9), 1-8.

Jozifkova, E., Konivicka, M. (2009). Sexual arousal by higher- and lower-ranking partner: Manifestations of a mating strategy? Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6(12), 3327-3334.

Jozifkova, E., & Kolackova, M. (2017). Sexual arousal by dominance and submission in relation to increased reproductive success in the general population. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 38(5), 381-387.

Kamel, G. W. (1980). Leathersex: Meaningful aspects of gay sadomasochism. Deviant Behavior, 1, 171-191.

Kaplan, D. (2007). BDSM in the holy land: From sexual puritanism to sexual identities. Culture Health & Sexuality, 9, S27-S28.

Keinan, A., & Kivetz, R. (2011). Productivity orientation and the consumption of collectible materials. Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 935-950.

Kiefer, A. K., Sanchez, D. T., Kalinka, C. J., & Ybarra, O. (2006). How women’s nonconscious association of sex with submission relates to their subjective sexual arousability and ability to reach orgasm. Sex Roles, 55(1-2), 83-94.

Kimberly, C., Williams, A. L., & Creel, S. (2017). Women’s introduction to alternative sexual behaviors through erotica and its association with sexual and relationship satisfaction. Sex Roles. doi: 10.1007/s11199-017-0771-x.

Khan, U. (2015). Sadomasochism in Sickness and in Health: Competing Claims from Science, Social Science, and Culture. Current Sexual Health Reports, 7(1), 49-58.

Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. PA: W. B. Saunders.

Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1970). Sexual behavior in the human female. PA: W. B. Saunders.

Klein, M., & Moser, C. (2006). SM (Sadomasochistic) Interests as an Issue in a Child Custody Proceeding. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 233-242.

Kleinplatz, P. J. (2006). Learning from Extraordinary Lovers: Lessons from the Edge. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 325-348.

Kleinplatz, P., & Moser, C. (2004, June). Toward clinical guidelines for working with BDSM clients. Contemporary Sexuality, 38(6), 1, 4.

Kleinplatz, P. J., & Moser, C. (eds.) (2006). Sadomasochism: Powerful pleasures. Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.

Krafft-Ebing, R. V. (1965). Psychopathia sexualis (F. S. Klaff, Trans.). New York: Stein & Day. (Original work published 1886)

Kolmes, K., Stock, W., & Moser, C. (2006). Investigating Bias in Psychotherapy with BDSM Clients. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 301-324.

Kotek, B., Gurgel, R., Pachoal, H., Martins, M. C., Mark-A., Passig, K., et.al. (2006). SM international. Journal of Homosexuality, (50)2/3, 263-280.

Krueger, R. B. (2010a). The DSM diagnostic criteria for sexual masochism. Archive of Sexual Behavior, 39, 346-356. doi: 10.1007/s10508-010-9613-4

Krueger, R. B. (2010b). The DSM diagnostic criteria for sexual sadism. Archive of Sexual Behavior, 39, 325-345. doi: 10.1007/s10508-009-9586-3

Lammers, J., & Imhoff, R. (2015). Power and Sadomasochism: Understanding the Antecedents of a Knotty Relationship. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1-7.

Langdridge, D. (2006).Voices from the margins: sadomasochism and sexual citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 4(10), 373-389.

Långström, N., & Seto, M. C. (2006). Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic behavior in a Swedish national population survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(4), 427-435.

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Lauerma, H., Voutilainen, J. & Tuominen, T. (2010). Matricide and two sexual femicides by a male strangler with a transgender sadomasochistic identity. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55, 549-550. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01280.x

Lawrence, A. A., & Love-Crowell, J. (2008). Psychotherapists' experience with clients who engage in consensual sadomasochism: a qualitative study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 67-85. doi: 10.1080/00926230701620936

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Lewis, A. (2010). Not Without My Wife: an exploration of the cuckolding lifestyle.

Lindemann, D. (2011). BDSM as therapy?. Sexualities, 14(2), 151-172.

Lindemann, D. (2012). Dominatrix: Gender, eroticism, and control in the dungeon. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

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Loewenstein, G. (1999). Because it is there: The challenge of mountaineering...for utility theory. Kyklos, 52, 315-344.

Lopez, D. (2008). Psychological processes of BDSM: The players perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 43(3-4), 434.

Luo, S. & Zhang, X. (2017). Empathy in female submissive BDSM practitioners. Neuropsychologia. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.027.

Luo, S., Zhu, Y. Xu, Y., & Kong, Q. (2017). The oxytocinergic system modulates sadistic context-dependent empathy in humans. Scientific Reports, 7(12463), 1-10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12671-2.

Martinez, K. (2017). BDSM role fluidity: A mixed-methods approach to investigating switches within dominant/submissive binaries. Journal of Homosexuality. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1374062.

Morrison, T. G., Ryan, T. A., Fox, L., McDermott, D. T., & Morrison, M. A. (2008). Canadian university students' perceptions of the practices that constitute" normal" sexuality for men and women. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 17(4), 161.

Moser, C. (1988). Sadomasochism. Journal of Social Work and Human Sexuality, 7, 43-54.

Moser, C. (1998). S/M (sadomasochistic) interactions in semi-public settings. Journal of Homosexuality, 36, 19-29.

Moser, C., & Kleinplatz, P. J. (2006). Introduction: The State of Our Knowledge on SM. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 1-15.

Moser, C., & Levitt, E. E. (1987). An exploratory-descriptive study of a sadomasochistically oriented sample. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 322-337.

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Newmahr, S. (2011). Playing on the edge: Sadomasochism, risk and intimacy. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

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Nordling, N., Sandnabba, N. K., Santtila, P., & Alison, L. (2006). Differences and Similarities Between Gay and Straight Individuals Involved in the Sadomasochistic Subculture. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 41-57.

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Pitagora, D. (2015). Intimate partner violence in sadomasochistic relationships. Sexual and Relationships Therapy. doi: 10.1080/14681994.2015.1102219

Pitagora, D. (2016). The BDSM-poly confluence: Relationship intersectionality in marginalized communities. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 31, 391-405. doi: 10.1080/14681994.2016.1156081

Pitagora, D. (2016). No pain, no gain?: Therapeutic and relational benefits of subspace in BDSM contexts. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 3, 44-54.

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Weiss, M.D. (2008). Gay shame and BDSM pride: Neoliberalism, privacy, and sexual politics. Radical History Review, Winter2008, Issue 100, 86-101.

White, C. (2006). The Spanner Trials and the Changing Law on Sadomasochism in the UK. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 167-187.

Wilkinson, E. (2009) Perverting visual pleasure: Representing Sadomasochism. Sexualities, 12(2), 181-198

Williams, D. (2006). Different (painful!) strokes for different folks: a general overview of sexual sadomasochism (SM) and its diversity. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13, 333-346. doi: 10.1080/1720160601011240

Williams, D. J., & Prior, E. E. (2015). “Wait, Go Back, I Might Miss Something Important!” Applying Leisure 101 to Simplify and Complicate BDSM. Volume 1, November 2015, 1, 44.

Williams, D. J., Prior, E. E., Alvarado, T., Thomas, J. N., & Christensen, M. C. (2016). Is bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism recreational leisure? A descriptive exploratory investigation. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13, 1091-1094.

Williams, D. J., Prior, E., & Wegner, J. (2013). Resolving Social Problems Associated with Sexuality: Can a “Sex-Positive” Approach Help?. Social Work, 58(3), 273-276.

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Wright, S. (2006). Discrimination of SM-Identified Individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 217-231.

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Community Literature

Basingstroke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Baldwin, G. (1993). Ties that bind: The SM/leather/fetish erotic style. San Francisco: Daedalus Publishing Company.

Baldwin, G. (2003). Ties that bind: Issues, commentaries, and advice. Los Angeles: Daedalus Publishing.

Bannon, R. (1993). Learning the ropes: A basic guide to safe and fun s/m lovemaking. Los Angeles: Daedalus Publishing Company.

Bean, J. W. (2000). Flogging. San Francisco: Greenery Press.

Brame, G. G., Brame, W. D., & Jacobs, J. (1993). Different loving: The world of sexual dominance and submission. New York: Villard Books.

Califia, P. (1993). Sensuous magic: A guide for adventurous couples. San Francisco: Cleis Press.

Cowan, L. (1997). Masochism: a Jungian view (2nd ed.). Woodstock, CT: Spring.

Easton, D., & Hardy, J. W. (2004). Radical ecstasy. Oakland, CA: Greenery Press.

Easton, D., & Liszt, C. A. (1998). The bottoming book: How to get terrible things done to you by wonderful people. San Francisco: Greenery Press.

Easton, D., & Liszt, C. A. (2000). When someone you love is kinky. Emeryville, CA: Greenery Press.

Fairfield, M. J., & Rubel, R. J. (2016). Master/slave mastery- protocols: Focusing the intent of your relationship. Red Eight Ball Press.

Green, L. (1992). The sexually dominant woman: A workbook for nervous beginners. San Mateo, CA: Lady Green.

Greene, G., & Green, C. (1974). S-M: The last taboo. New York: Grove Press.

Hardy, J. (2009). The Ethical Slut: A Practical Guide to Polyamory, Open Relationships & Other Adventures. Celestial Arts.

Harrington, L. (2016). Sacred Kink: The Eightfold Paths of BDSM and Beyond. Mystic Productions Press.

Harrington, L. (2008). The Toybag Guide to Age Play. Emeryville, CA: Greenery Press.

Harrington, L., & RiggerJay. (2015). More Shibari You Can Use: Passionate Rope Bondage and Intimate Connection. Mystic Productions Press.

Harrington, L. & Williams, M. (2012). Playing Well with Others: Your Field Guide to Discovering, Exploring and Navigating the Kink, Leather and BDSM Communities. Emeryville, CA: Greenery Press.

Kaldera, R., & Tenpenny, J. (2013). Building the team: Cooperative Power Dynamic Relationships. Hubbardston, Massachusetts: Alfred Press.

Kaldera, R. (Ed.). (2014). Paradigms of power: Styles of Master/slave relationships. Hubbardston, Massachusetts: Alfred Press.

Kinky shades of brown. (2008). [Editorial]. Lesbian News, (33)9, 20-20.

Levine, R. (2016). Jolted Awake: An Unconventional Memoir. Hubbardston, MA: Alfred Press.

Lyon, C. M. (2012). Leading and supportive love: The truth about dominant and submissive relationships. Sold by Amazon Digital Services LLC.

Mains, G. (1984) Urban aboriginals: A celebration of leather sexuality. San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press.

Midori, & Morey, C. (2002). The Seductive Art of Japanese Bondage. Emeryville, CA: Greenery Press.

Miller, P., & Devon, M. (1995). Screw the roses, send me the thorns: The romance and sexual sorcery of sadomasochism. Fairfield, CT: Mystic Rose Books.

Norman, J. (1974). Imaginative sex. New York: DAW Publications.

Popp, S., & Kaldera, R. (2014). Unequal by design: Counseling power dynamic relationships. Hubbardston, Massachusetts: Alfred Press.

Rinella, J. (1994). The master’s manual: A handbook of erotic dominance. San Francisco: Daedalus Publishing Company.

Rubel, R. J., & Fairfeild, M. J. (2014). Bdsm mastery- basics: Your guide to play, parties, and scene protocols. Red Eight Ball Press.

Rubel, R. J., & Fairfield, M. J. (2014). Bdsm mastery- relationships: A guide for creating mindful relationships for dominants and submissives. Red Eight Ball Press.

Rubel, R. J., & Fairfield, M. J. (2014). Master/slave mastery: Updated handbook of concepts, approaches, and practices. Red Eight Ball Press.

Rubel, R. J., & Fairfield, M. J. (2015). Master/slave mastery- advanced: Refining the fire- ideas that matter. Red Eight Ball Press.

Rubel, R. J., & Fairfield, M. J. (2016). Is that what they meant? A book of practical communication insights. Red Eight Ball Press.

Shahbaz, C., & Chirinos, P. (2017). Becoming a kink aware therapist. London, UK: Routledge.

Soduire. (1999). La Laisse: A common sense approach to dominance and submission. Orange, CA: La Maison du Raison.

Spring, J. (2010). Secret historian: The life and times of Samuel Steward, professor, tattoo artist, and sexual renegade. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Stoller, R. J. (1989). Consensual sadomasochistic perversions. In H. P. Blum, E. M. Weinshel, & F. R. Rodman (Eds.), The psychoanalytic core (pp. 265-282). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.

Townsend, L. (1972). The leatherman's handbook. New York: Olympia Press.

Tupper, P. (Ed.). (2016). Our lives, our history. Consensual Master/slave relationships from ancient times to the 21st century. New York: Perfectbound Press.

Williams, D., & Williams, D. (2011). Living M/s: A Book for Masters, slaves, and Their Relationships. Las Vegas, NV: The Nazca Plains Corporation.

Wiseman, J. (1996). SM 101: A realistic introduction (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Greenery Press.